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Philosophy Pythagoras

Pythagorean philosophy influenced by the Orpheus that contain mysticism factors. Greek philosophy start mathematics tradition since Pythagoras. Pythagorean using mathematical to investigate music law, resulting from this "harmony" concept have a significant impact after the ancient Greek philosophers. Pythagoras is still traditionally known as the Pythagorean theorem (also known as the Pythagorean theorem) first discoverer.

In cosmology, Pythagoras combining Miletus school of thought and his own number theory. He believes that there are many but a finite number of the world, and insisted that the earth is round, but he abandoned the geocentric theory by Miletus School of thought.

Pythagoras also produced the later theory of idealism philosophy and common theory in study of mathematics, and then come out the different between the theory of " have something alien to us" and "the perception of things", something alien to us is perfect, eternal, and the perception of things is defective. This idea was flourish by Plato, and dominated the philosophical and theological thinking.

Greece vs Rome

Geography - Both Greece and Rome are Mediterranean countries, but the terrain of the two is very different. The ancient Greek city-states were separated from each other by hilly countryside and all were near the water. Rome was inland, on one side of the Tiber River, but the Italic tribes (in the boot-shaped peninsula that is now Italy) did not have the natural hilly borders to keep them out of Rome. In Italy, around Naples, Mt. Vesuvius produced fertile land by blanketing the soil with tephra which aged into rich soil. There were also two nearby mountain ranges to the north (Alps) and east (Apennine).

Art  - Greek art is considered superior to (imitative) Roman art. The goal of the classical Greek sculptors was to produce an ideal artistic form, where the goal of Roman artists was to produce realistic portraits for decoration. This is obvious oversimplification, especially when considering the division of Greek art into the Mycenaean, geometric, archaic, and Hellenistic periods, in addition to the Classical, but the art we associate with Greece is the Venus de Milo, and the Roman art is the mosaic or wall painting known as fresco. 

Economy  - The economy of both Greece and Rome was based on agriculture. Greeks ideally lived on small self-sufficient wheat-producing farms, but bad agricultural practices made many households incapable of feeding themselves. Big estates took over, producing wine and olive oil, which were also the chief exports of the Romans. The Romans, who imported their wheat and annexed provinces that could provide them with this all-important staple, also farmed, but they also engaged in trade. It is thought that the Greeks considered such occupations degrading. In the cities, manufacturing went on. Both Greece and Rome worked mines. While Greece also had slaves, the economy of Rome was dependent on slave labor from the expansion until the late Empire. Both cultures had coinage. Rome debased its currency to fund the Empire.

Social Classes - The social classes of Greece and Rome changed over time, but the basic divisions of early Athens and Rome consisted of:

Greece ·  slaves ·  freedmen ·  metics ·  citizens ·  women; .

Rome ·  slaves ·  freedmen ·  plebeians ·  patricians

Governments - Originally kings ruled Athens; then an oligarchy, and then democracy (voting by the citizens). Kings originally governed Rome. Then Rome enjoyed a mixed Republican form of government, followed by emperors.

Byzantium - An ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas . The name Byzantium is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion. The city was later renamed Nova Roma by Constantine the Great, but popularly called Constantinople and briefly became the imperial residence of the classical Roman Empire. Then subsequently the city was, for more than a thousand years, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks, becoming the capital of their empire, in 1453. The name of the city was officially changed to Istanbul in 1930 following the establishment of modern Turkey.